ABSTRACT:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults. It is due to genetic alterations and chromosomal abnormalities which are involved in the differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. 75% of cases developed from precursors of the B-cell lineage and malignant T-cell precursors in adults. Generally, the risk of developing ALL is based on clinical factors such as white blood cell count, response to chemotherapy and age. Monotherapy and combination therapies play an important role in improving the patient’s therapeutic outcome. With the increased understanding of genetic alterations in ALL, therapeutic approaches target the specific genetic mutation associated with the signaling pathway. Newer treatment options like immunotherapeutic agents are being developed which helps in the future.
Cite this article:
V. Prema, S. Karunika, Yashmi Agwina Xavier. An Overview of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2025; 15(2):202-8. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2025.00033
Cite(Electronic):
V. Prema, S. Karunika, Yashmi Agwina Xavier. An Overview of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2025; 15(2):202-8. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2025.00033 Available on: https://asianjpr.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-15-2-18
REFERENCE:
1. Hiroto Inaba, Prof. Mel Greaves, Charles G. Mullighan; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Summary. 2013. Cited by 1184.
2. T Terwilliger and M Abdul-Hay. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Blood Cancer Journal. 2017. Cited by 752.
3. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2013: Leukemia, Annual Incidence Rates.
4. Paul S, Kantarjian H, Jabbour EJ. Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91:1645-1666.
5. Jabbour E, O’Brien S, Konopleva M, Kantarjian H. New insights into adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia pathophysiology and therapy. Cancer. 2015; 121: 2517-2528.
6. Dr. Ayush Garg. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Slideshare. Jan 14, 2018.
7. Trip Adler, Jared Friedman, and Tikhon Bernstam. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Scribd Inc. 2007.
8. Greaves MF, Wiemels J. Origins of chromosome translocations in childhood leukemia. Nature Rev Cancer. 2003; 3: 639-49.
9. Greaves MF. Etiology of acute leukemia. Lancet. 1997; 349: 344 - 49.
10. Greaves MF, Maia AT, Wiemels JL, Ford AM. Leukemia in twins: lessons in natural history. Blood. 2003; 102: 2321-33.
11. Mihaela Onciu MD. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ScienceDirect. Com.
12. M. Bruggemann et al. Clinical significance of minimal residual disease quantification in adult patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2006.
13. S. Tito’s Unit M5, M. Arivumani. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 2010. Slideshare.net.
14. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller- Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the clinical advisory committee meeting – Airlie House, Virginia. J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17: 3835-3849.
15. Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Boroueitz MJ, Porwit A et al. The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes. Blood. 2009; 114: 937 -951.
16. Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood 2016; 127: 2391-2405.
17. KF Brown and others British Journal of cancer. The fraction of cancer attributable to known risk factors. 2018; 118(8): 1130 – 1141.
18. K Leuraud and others Lancet Haematology; ionizing radiation and risk of death from leukemia in radiation monitored workers (in Workers); an international cohort study; 2015; 2: 276-281.
19. VT De Vita, S Hellman, and SA Rosenberg Lippin Cott, Williams and Wilkins; Principles and Practice of Oncology (11th edition) 2019.
20. Puckett Y, Chan O. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.
21. Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay MJ. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update. Blood Cancer Journal. 2017 Jun; 7(6):e577-.
22. Wilkes GM. Targeted therapy: attacking cancer with molecular and immunological targeted agents. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018 Apr 1; 5(2): 137-55.
23. Lee YT, Tan YJ, Oon CE. Molecular targeted therapy: Treating cancer with specificity. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2018 Sep 5; 834: 188-96.
24. Shah NN, Stevenson MS, Yuan CM, Richards K, Delbrook C, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I, Wayne AS. Characterization of CD22 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2015 Jun; 62(6): 964-9.
25. Piccaluga PP, Arpinati M, Candoni A, Laterza C, Paolini S, Gazzola A, Sabattini E, Visani G, Pileri SA. Surface antigen analysis reveals significant expression of candidate targets for immunotherapy in adult acute lymphoid leukemia. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2011 Feb 1; 52(2): 325-7.
26. Chevallier P, Robillard N, Houille G, Ayari S, Guillaume T, Delaunay J, Harousseau JL, Avet-Loiseau H, Mohty M, Garand R. Simultaneous study of five candidate target antigens (CD20, CD22, CD33, CD52, HER2) for antibody-based immunotherapy in B-ALL: a monocentric study of 44 cases. Leukemia. 2009 Apr; 23(4): 806-7.
27. Raetz EA, Cairo MS, Borowitz MJ, Blaney SM, Krailo MD, Leil TA, Reid JM, Goldenberg DM, Wegener WA, Carroll WL, Adamson PC. Chemoimmunotherapy reinduction with epratuzumab in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in marrow relapse: a Children's Oncology Group Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2008 Aug 8; 26(22): 3756.
28. Wierda WG, Padmanabhan S, Chan GW, Gupta IV, Lisby S, Österborg A, Hx-CD20-406 Study Investigators. Ofatumumab is active in patients with fludarabine-refractory CLL irrespective of prior rituximab: results from the phase 2 international study. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology. 2011 Nov 10; 118(19): 5126-9.