Author(s):
Rajitha Galla, Susmitha Aggarapu, Gireesh Kumar Eri, Geetha Susmita Adepu, Mounika Jampani, Padma Sree Yellamraju, Swarnalatha Dugasani
Email(s):
aggarapusuma@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00041 
Address:
Rajitha Galla1, Susmitha Aggarapu1,2*, Gireesh Kumar Eri2, Geetha Susmita Adepu2, Mounika Jampani2, Padma Sree Yellamraju2, Swarnalatha Dugasani2
1Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati - 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet - 516126 Andhra Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 3,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Analytical instruments are used to perform quality control tests and measurements in pharmaceutical laboratories, impacting decisions related to quality of products and their approval by regulatory authorities such as Food and drug administration (FDA). Therefore, their qualification is of paramount importance in maintaining product quality, patient safety, and regulatory compliance. It helps in ensuring that pharmaceutical products are safe, effective, and free from defects, ultimately protecting the health and well-being of patients. Also, it ensures that the qualified instruments foster continuous improvement in their performance which contribute to accurate testing of drug substances and their products, quality assurance and preventing the release of substandard products into the market. This critical review delves into the multifaceted process of qualifying analytical instruments, emphasizing the significance of accuracy, reliability, and adherence to established guidelines. The article explores regulatory requirement and qualification stages of instruments/equipment such as design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, performance qualification for the majorly used instruments like electronic balance, pH meter, UV-visible spectrophotometer, fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), gas chromatograph (GC) and high performance thin layer chromatograph (HPTLC). By comprehensively evaluating these aspects, this review highlights the pivotal role of qualification of instruments in sustaining the integrity of testing pharmaceutical samples.
Cite this article:
Rajitha Galla, Susmitha Aggarapu, Gireesh Kumar Eri, Geetha Susmita Adepu, Mounika Jampani, Padma Sree Yellamraju, Swarnalatha Dugasani. Ensuring Accuracy and Reliability in Testing the Quality of Pharmaceutical Compounds: A Review on Qualification of Analytical Instruments with their Applications. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(3):275-4. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00041
Cite(Electronic):
Rajitha Galla, Susmitha Aggarapu, Gireesh Kumar Eri, Geetha Susmita Adepu, Mounika Jampani, Padma Sree Yellamraju, Swarnalatha Dugasani. Ensuring Accuracy and Reliability in Testing the Quality of Pharmaceutical Compounds: A Review on Qualification of Analytical Instruments with their Applications. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(3):275-4. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00041 Available on: https://asianjpr.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-3-9
REFERENCES:
1. Masoom RS, Zeid AA, Nafisur R. Analytical techniques in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. Arab. J. Chem. 2017 Feb; 10(1): S1409-21.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.016
2. Velagaleti R, Burns PK and Gill M. Analytical Support for Drug Manufacturing in the United States’From Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Synthesis to Drug Product Shelf Life. Ther Innov Regul Sci. 2003 Sept; 37: 407–438 (2003). doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/009286150303700407
3. Pezzola A, Sweet CM. Global pharmaceutical regulation: the challenge of integration for developing states. Global Health. 2016 Dec; 12(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s12992-016-0208-2.
4. Darshan Sonawane, Rutika Waghchaure, Rushikesh Aher, Khemchand Surana. Effective Application of the Quality Management System in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2025; 15(2):146-2. doi: 10.52711/2231-5675.2025.00023
5. Elhassa GO, Alfarouk KO. Drug Development: Stages of Drug Development. J Pharmacovigilance. 2015 Jan; 03(03); e141. doi: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000e141.
6. Manirul Haque SK, Ratemi ES. Drug development and analysis review. Pharm. Chem. J. 2017 March; 50(12): 775-788. doi: 10.1007/s11094-017-1543-1
7. Ganesh UC, Vitthal. RG. The Stages of Drug Discovery and Development Process. Int. J. of Pharm. Sci. 2024; 2(3): 474-82. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10816178
8. Nidhi BA, Manoj K. Pharmaceutical Regulations in India. Pharmaceutical Medicine and Translational Clinical Research. Academic Press. 2018; 215-231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802103-3.00013-4
9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A Basic Guide to IQ, OQ, PQ in FDA-Regulated Industries. 2024. Available on https://www.thefdagroup.com/blog/a-basic-guide-to-iq-oq-pq-in-fda-regulated-industries
10. Jay M Jetani, Girish Pai K. A Comparative Review of the USFDA Guidelines on Process Validation Focusing on the Importance of Quality by Design (QbD). Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(4): 1257-1260. 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00223.2
11. European Medicines Agency (EMA). EU Guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary Use Amsterdam: EMA, 2015, 4. Available on https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/7c6c5b3c-4902-46ea-b7ab-7608682fb68d_en?filename=2015-10_annex15.pdf
12. Surendra KB, Thomas L, Ernest DB, Marta H, Edward AH. Qualification of Analytical Instruments for Use in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Scientific Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2004 Apr; 5(1):E22. doi: 10.1208/pt050122
13. Gowrisankar D, Abbulu K, Bala Souri O, Sujana K. Validation and Calibration of Analytical Instruments. J. Biomed. Sci. Res., 2010; 2(2): 89-99.
14. Aparna CH, Gowrisankar D. A review on calibration of analytical instruments. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Biol. Sci., 2015; 5(3): 572-582.
15. Devesh K, Ruchi BV, Diwaker D. An overview of analytical instrument qualification with reference of pharmaceutical industry. J. Drug Deliv. Ther. 2018; 8(5): 99-103.
16. Vinod DU, Rohit DU, Pooja PD, Vijay RC. A review: qualification of analytical instrument (Diffrential Scanning Colorimetry and Gas Chromatography). J Univ. Shanghai Sci. Tech. Aug 2022; 24(8): 93-118.
17. U.S. Pharmacopeia National Formulary: USP 39 NF 34. <1058> analytical instrument qualification. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Rockville, MD. 2016; 1055-1061.
18. Albert K, Krucker M, Glaser T, Schefer A, Lienau A, Zeeb D. Hyphenated techniques, Anal Bioanal Chem. 2002; 372(1): 25–26. doi: 10.1007/s00216-001-1158-x.
19. Vrijens B, Pironet A, Tousset E. The Importance of Assessing Drug Exposure and Medication Adherence in Evaluating Investigational Medications: Ensuring Validity and Reliability of Clinical Trial Results, Pharm Med. 2024; 38(1): 9–18. doi: 10.1007/s40290-023-00503-w.
20. Rachel JT, Christine CP, Obert PJ, Herbert PJ, Daniel W, Paul BW, et al. Precision Dosing Priority Criteria: Drug, Disease, and Patient Population Variables, Front Pharmacol. 2020;11: 420. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00420
21. Joakim R, Asa E. Mass Calibration Options for Accurate Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2021; 467: 116619. doi: 10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116619
22. McDowall RD. Instrument Qualification, Computerized System Validation and Method Validation. Validation in Thermal Analysis. Hanser. 2022; 26-36.
23. Dave VG. Instrument qualification and software validation. Separation Science and Technology. Academic Press. 2007, 8, 269-296.
24. Diksha J, Kaur H, Patil RK, Patil HC. Validation – In pharmaceutical industry: Equipment validation: A brief review, Adesh Univ. J. Med. Sci. Res. 2020; 2(2): 94-98. doi:10.25259/AUJMSR_15_2020
25. Kiranbala J, Meenakshi B. Qualification of equipments: a systematic approach Int. J. Pharm. Eru. May 2018; 08(1): 7-14.
26. Sharanya N, Ramasubramaniyan P, Jeya shree P, Srinag T, Palanichamy S, Solairaj P. An overview on qualification of equipment - an ideal approach for equipment validation, Indo Am. J pharm. Res. Nov 2013, 3, 9013-9018.
27. Anubhav C, Vipin K. Equipment Qualification: A Systematic Method, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. 2024; 2(9): 1618-1623. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13863449
28. Venugopal S. A Systematic approach to Equipment Qualification, Eur. J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci. 2015; 2, 830-854.
29. Bedson P, Sargent M. The development and application of guidance on equipment qualification of analytical instruments, J Accredit. Qual. Assur. 1996; 1: 265-274. doi:10.1007/S007690050083
30. Likhitha B, Bhuvana C, Swathika B, Aroon, A. Equipment qualification and maintenance in pharmaceutical manufacturing: strategies for efficiency and compliance. World J. Pharm. Res. 2024; 13(11): 298-306.
31. Bahubali N. Patil, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala, Girish Pai K. Equipment Qualification of a New Laboratory Tray Dryer. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(2):805-811. 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00140.9
32. U.S. Pharmacopeia National Formulary General Chapter <41> Balances. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Rockville, MD. 2014; 1055-1061.
33. Vinny C, Priya G. Review: Digital pH meter, Int. J. Creat. Res. Thoughts. Dec 2023; 11(12): 861-864.
34. Gurdeep RC, Sham KA. Instrumental Methods of Chemicals Analysis. Himalaya Publishing House. 2011.
35. Elsa M, Andiny FHS, Jedidya RS, Triaugust AM, Raudiya MD, Andi DP. UV-Vis spectrophotometry for rapid and specific quantification of amphotericin B: analytical method validation for ex vivo and in vivo studies in the development of nanoemulsion-incorporated thermosensitive gel. Anal Sci. Apr 2024; 40(4): 615-631. doi: 10.1007/s44211-023-00493-4.
36. Kiran J, Dinesh D, Amol T, Harshad T, Mrityunjaya P. Application of UV spectrophotometric method for easy and rapid estimation of lafutidine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation Pharm. Methods. Oct 2011; 2(4): 117-120. doi: 10.4103/2229-4708.93398
37. Bikash RJ, Suryakanta S, Debashish G, Rajib LM, Sravani D. New UV spectrophotometric Method for the estimation of Lumefantrine in pharmaceutical formulations, Int. J. Recent Sci. Res. Feb 2021; 12(2): 40955-40960. doi:: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2021.1202.5799
38. David G. Watson. Pharmaceutical analysis: A Text Book for Pharmacy Students and Pharmaceutical Chemists. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, 2020.
39. Matthew E, Michael P, Chayanee C, Mohammed J, Steve S, David J. Establishment of instrument operation qualification and routine performance qualification procedures for handheld near-infrared spectrometers used at different locations within a laboratory network, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. Feb 2022, 267(1): 120512. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.120512
40. Ali AH. Ann. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): A review, Adv. Chem. June 2022; 6(1): 010-020. doi: 10.29328/journal.aac.1001026
41. Lukas K, Matthias D, Joachim E, Claus F, Heidemarie H, Peter L. Efficient and economic HPLC performance qualification, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. Sept 2009; 51(3): 557-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.011
42. Rameshwar G, Sanjay P, Sailesh W, Tukaram K. Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and in tablet dosage form, Futur J Pharm Sci. Nov 2021; 7:224. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00369-2
43. Venkateswara Rao A, Sai Kumar B, Harish J, Bhagya Kumar T, Eswarlal T. Characterization of Forced Degradation Products of Netarsudil: Optimization and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Process-Related Impurities, Turk J Pharm Sci. June 2024; 21(3): 224-233. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.99148
44. Vidya S, Manasi J, Prafulla S. Bioanalytical method development, validation and quantification of flutamide in spiked rat plasma by using high-performance liquid chromatography, Futur J Pharm Sci. Aug 2023, 9:75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00528-7
45. United States Pharmacopoeia. 27th ed. 2004. The USP Convention Inc., Rockville, MD.
46. European Pharmacopoeia, 4th ed., 2002, 55.
47. Harshal DP, Chandrabhan BP, Vikas VP, Pankaj SP, Amol RP. A Brief Review on Gas Chromatography. Asian J. Pharm. Anal. 2023; 13 (1): 47-52.
48. Fayed AS, Shehata MA, Hassan NY, El Weshahy SAJ. Validated HPLC and HPTLC Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride in Bulk Powder and Pharmaceutical Formulations, Sep. Sci. 2006; 29(18): 2716-2724. doi:10.1002/jssc.200600220
49. Zainab AJE, Dan B, Daniela LB, Claudia MG, Mihaela I. HPTLC method for the assay of tramadol and pentazocine from mixtures, Farmacia. 2011, 59 (3): 381-387.
50. Neumann C, Margot P. New perspectives in the use of ink evidence in forensic science: Part I. Development of a quality assurance process for forensic ink analysis by HPTLC. Forensic Sci Int., Mar 2009; 185(1-3): 29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.016.
51. Beat M, Daniela S. Modern HPTLC-A perfect tool for quality control of herbals and their preparations, J. AOAC Int. Sept 2010;93(5):1399-409. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/93.5.1399
52. Nikita Sawant, Bharati P. Caudhari, V. K. Redasani, Saniya Mulla. Documentation in Pharmaceutical Industry. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025; 15(3): 315-1. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00046
53. Sharma P.P. Validation in Pharmaceutical Industry (6th ed). United Kingdom: Informa Healthcare Publication. 2016.
54. Nandhakumar L, Dharmamoorthy G, Rameshkumar S, Chandrasekaran S. An overview of pharmaceutical validation: qualityassurance view point. Int J Res Pharm Chem. 2011; 1: 1003-1014.
55. Todde S, Kolenc Peitl P, Elsinga P, Koziorowski J, Ferrari V, Ocak EM. Guidance on validation and qualification of processes and operations involving radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem. 2017; 2(8). doi: 10.1186/s41181-017-0025-9
56. Evdoxia T, Argyro GF, Agapios ΝP. Identifying risk management challenges in laboratories, Accreditation and Quality Assurance. 2023; 28(4): 167–179. doi: 10.1007/s00769-023-01540-3
57. Covello VT, Mumpower J. Risk Analysis and Risk Management: An Historical Perspective. Risk Anal. 1985; 5(2): 103–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00159.x
58. Dionne G. Risk Management: History, Definition, and Critique. Risk Manag Insur Rev. 2013; 16(2): 147–166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12016
59. Lemos J, Gaspar PD, Lima TM. Environmental Risk Assessment and Management in Industry 4.0: A Review of Technologies and Trends, Machines. 2022; 10(8): 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10080702.
60. Bates DW, Gawande AA. Improving safety with information technology, N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 19; 348(25): 2526-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa020847.
61. Alam SM. Pharmaceutical Process Validation: An Overview, J. Adv. Pharm. Educ. Res. Dec 2012; 2(4): 185-200.
62. Tenzin W, Rathore DS, Yogendra Singh. Pharmaceutical Process Validation: A Mini Review, Int. J. health Biol. Sci. 2019; 2(2):9-12.
63. Sharma A, Saini S. Process Validation of Solid Dosage Form: A Review. Int. J Res. in Pharm. Sci. 2013; 3(2): 12- 30.
64. Nash RA, Alfred HW. Pharmaceutical process validation. 3rd ed, New York:
65. Marcel Dekker Inc. 2003, 41-46.
66. Keyur BA, Khushboo DS, Sushma PY, Hetal S Patel, Chetan BP. Overview of Validation and Basic Concepts of Process Validation, Sch. Acad. J. Pharm. 2014; 3(2):178-190.
67. Loftus BT. The Regulatory Basis for Process Validation. Pharmaceutical Process Validation. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984.
68. Prajkta M. Ghagare, Ashwini R. Patil, Bhavna J. Deshmane, Manish S. Kondawar. Review on Pharmaceutical Validation. Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech. 2020; 12(1): 17-26. 10.5958/0975-4377.2020.00004.X
69. Jacques Wiss. Process Analytical Technology: tools and applications in pharmaceutical manufacturing, Chimica Oggi - Chemistry Today. 2015; 33(2): 30-33.
70. Punita Raj, N. Vishal Gupta. Process Analytical Technology (PAT): A Real Time Quality Assurance. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2016; 37(2): 67-72.
71. Rakshit VT, Vidhi NK, Nishendu PN, Parula BP. A complete review of process analytical technology (PAT), Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2012, 17(1): 57-65.
72. Eun Ji K, Ji Hyeon K, Min-Soo K, Seong Hoon, J, Du Hyung C. Process Analytical Technology Tools for Monitoring Pharmaceutical Unit Operations: A Control Strategy for Continuous Process Verification, Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(6): 919. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060919.
73. Dipti G. Phadtare, Pawar Amol R, R.B. Saudagar. A Brief Review on Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2016; 6(2): 122-130. doi: 10.5958/2231-5675.2016.00019.3
74. Silvia VB, Lara GF, María CDP, Carlos CD. pH determination as a quality standard for the elaboration of oral liquid compounding formula, Farmacia Hospitalaria. 2018; 42(6): 221-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7399/fh.10932
75. Klaus F. Metrology of weighing in the pharmaceutical industry. Measurement Sensors. 2021; 18(3):100262. DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2021.100262
76. Rajendra Prasad A, Thireesha B. UV-spectrophotometric method development and validation for the determination of lornoxicam in microsponges. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2018; 10(1):74, 2018. Doi: 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i1.22357
77. Mahfuza M, Raquibul HM, Farhad H, Sanjana S. Development and validation of a simple UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of levofloxacin both in bulk and marketed dosage formulations, J Pharma. Anal. 2012; 2(6): 2012; 454-457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2012.06.004
78. Benedict B, Adam W, Zayeem F, Jesper O, Kofi AA. Application of UV dissolution imaging to pharmaceutical systems, Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 2021; 177: 113949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113949
79. K. Soumya, S. Susanna, T.E.G.K. Murthy. In vitro Dissolution Studies on Commercial Brands Containing Immediate Release Pioglitazone and Metformin Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets. Res. J. Pharm. Dosage Form. and Tech. 2017; 9(1): 15-18. doi: 10.5958/0975-4377.2017.00003.9
80. Kedir DM. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a tool for identifying the unique characteristic bands of lipid in oilseed components: Confirmed via Ethiopian indigenous desert date fruit. Heliyon. 2023; 9(4): e14699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14699
81. Fermin FHA, Clement MH, Paulo CM, Bruce V. Polymorphism characterization of segesterone acetate: A comprehensive study using XRPD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Int. J Pharm. 2021; 596: 120234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120234
82. M Blanco, J Coello, H Iturriaga, S Maspoch, C Pérez-Maseda. Determination of polymorphic purity by near infrared spectrometry. Anal. Chimica Acta. 2000; 407(1–2): 247-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00828-4
83. Syrine FD, Alia DE, Ralph GF. Drug-Excipient Compatibility Testing of Cilostazol Using FTIR and DSC Analysis. Philippine J Sci. 2023; 152(6A): 2129-2137.
84. Derouicha M, Nadjib H, Khalil FEH, NHZ, Houari T. Analysis of Drug-Related Impurties by HPLC in Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Raw Material. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2022;19(3):293–304. DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.70594
85. Samuel A, Chithra M, June G, Mark R, Wayne S. Chiral HPLC analysis of formoterol stereoisomers and thermodynamic study of their interconversion in aqueous pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharma. Biomed. Ana. 2009; 49(3): 632-637, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.004
86. Priti RD, Vinod LG, Preeti KT, Kakasaheb RM, Ravindra NP. Development of stability-indicating HPLC method and accelerated stability studies for osmotic and pulsatile tablet formulations of Clopidogrel Bisulfate. J Pharm. Biom. Ana. 2019; 165: 346-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.020
87. Hamid Khan, Javed Ali. UHPLC: Applications in Pharmaceutical Analysis. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2017; 7(2): 124-131. doi: 10.5958/2231-5675.2017.00020.5
88. Debi Prasad Pradhan, Mukthinuthalapati Mathrusri Annapurna .Stability indicating HPLC-DAD method for the determination of Oxcarbazepine - An Anticonvulsant. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(2):723-728. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00128.8
89. Saurabh P, Preeti P, Raj Kumar, Narendra Pal S. Residual solvent determination by head space gas chromatography with flame ionization detector in omeprazole API. Braz. J Pharm. Sci. 2011; 47(2): 379-384.
90. Jo Dewulf, Herman Van Langenhove, Gyula Wittmann. Analysis of volatile organic compounds using gas chromatography, Trends in Ana. Chem. 2002; 21(9–10): 637-646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(02)00804-X
91. Amit Yadaorao Saraf, Aparna Amit Saraf. HPTLC Fingerprinting: A Tool for Simplified Analysis of Phenolics in Medicinal Plants, Ind. J Pharm. Edu. Res. 2020; 54(4): 1098-1103. DOI: 10.5530/ijper.54.4.205
92. Bhaskar O. Aher, Yogesh T. Sonawane, Vinod A. Bairagi, Parag A. Pathade. HPTLC Method for Estimation of Ellagic Acid and Gallic Acid from Flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021; 11(3):187-2. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2021.00029
93. Tripti Jain, Amber Vyas, Darshan Dubey, Kamlesh Dashora, Vishal Jain. Development of Fingerprinting Method for Estimation Glycyrrhizinic acid in Ayurvedic formulation Eladi Gutika: A HPTLC approach. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; 12(4):277-0. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2022.00047
94. Chetan Salunke, Kailaspati Chittam, Amol Pawar, Harshal Chaudhari. Development of an Analytical Method to Determine Extracts of Different Species of Glycyrrhizin by HPTLC. Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech. 2020; 12(2): 89-92. doi: 10.5958/0975-4377.2020.00016.6
95. Aishwarya P. Joglekar. Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Telmisartan and Chlorthalidone in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage form by HPTLC Method. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2015; 8(4): 376-381. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00063.3