Author(s):
Selvakumar Muruganantham, Chitra Karthikeyini Sakthivel, Ramya Ravichandran, Kavitha Karuppaiyan, Muthuboopathi Gopal, Sudhamani Thangavel
Email(s):
pranavnavyaa@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5691.2025.00061
Address:
Selvakumar Muruganantham1, Chitra Karthikeyini Sakthivel2*, Ramya Ravichandran2, Kavitha Karuppaiyan3, Muthuboopathi Gopal1, Sudhamani Thangavel1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanandha Pharmacy College for Women, Sankari, Salem, Tamil Nadu.
2Department of Pharmaceutics, K.M. College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
A wound healing potential agent of quercetin was isolated from recently harvested onions. The goal of the current research was to create and assess an ointment loaded with quercetin nanoparticles for the successful treatment of diabetic foot wounds. A cold macerated onion powder with DMF had a higher concentration of quercetin which may be able to stop type-I diabetes related seminal vesicle lesions. Primarily, quercetin extract residue-loaded nanoparticles (QNPs-1 to QNPs-5) were formulated by solvent evaporation process and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro dissolution studies. The QNPs-5 showed better results in particle size (185.5±0.38nm), drug loading (27.84±1.60%), percent entrapment efficiency (85.1±1.63%), and in-vitro release within 240 min (98.90±2.74%) compared to other QNPs formulations. Secondly, Quercetin nanoparticles loaded ointment was prepared by trituration method, and the formulated ointment showed a pleasing look, a silky texture, no phase separation, a yellowish-brown color, and an aromatic odor. The Ex vivo Permeation study showed a maximum of 95.30 ± 4.08% at 240 min and exhibited greater antibacterial activity. This current discovery revealed that the Quercetin nanoparticles loaded ointment might be one of the promised formulations for healing diabetic foot wounds.
Cite this article:
Selvakumar Muruganantham, Chitra Karthikeyini Sakthivel, Ramya Ravichandran, Kavitha Karuppaiyan, Muthuboopathi Gopal, Sudhamani Thangavel. Formulation and Evaluation of Quercetin Nanoparticle-Loaded Ointment for Diabetic Foot Wound Healing. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2025; 15(4):387-5. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2025.00061
Cite(Electronic):
Selvakumar Muruganantham, Chitra Karthikeyini Sakthivel, Ramya Ravichandran, Kavitha Karuppaiyan, Muthuboopathi Gopal, Sudhamani Thangavel. Formulation and Evaluation of Quercetin Nanoparticle-Loaded Ointment for Diabetic Foot Wound Healing. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2025; 15(4):387-5. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2025.00061 Available on: https://asianjpr.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-15-4-7
REFERENCES:
1. Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz PL, Sacre JW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2022 Jan 1; 183: 109118. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109118.
2. Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers: a review. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2023 Jul 1; 330(1): 62-75. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.10578.
3. Jaroenarpornwatana A, Koonalinthip N, Chawaltanpipat S, Janchai S. Is the duration of diabetic foot ulcers an independent risk factor for developing diabetic foot osteomyelitis? Foot. 2023 Jul 1;56:102000. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.102000.
4. Anand David AV, Arulmoli R, Parasuraman S. Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: A bioactive flavonoid. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2016 Jul 1; 10(20): 84-89. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.194044.
5. Shen N, Wang T, Gan Q, Liu S, Wang L, Jin B. Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry. 2022 Jul 1; 383: 132531. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132531.
6. Wang G, Wang Y, Yao L, Gu W, Zhao S, Shen Z, Lin Z, Liu W, Yan T. Pharmacological activity of quercetin: an updated review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022 Jul 1;2022:3997190. doi: 10.1155/2022/3997190.
7. Sanad SM, Farouk R, Nassar SE, Alshahrani MY, Suliman M, Ezzat Ahmed A, Eid Elesawi I. The neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles in the therapy of neuronal damage stimulated by acrolein. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2023 Nov 1; 30(11): 103792. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103792.
8. Mascarenhas-Melo F, Gonçalves MBS, Peixoto D, Pawar KD, Bell V, Chavda VP, Zafar H, Raza F, Paiva-Santos AC. Application of nanotechnology in management and treatment of diabetic wounds. Journal of Drug Targeting. 2022 Oct 1; 30(10): 1034-1054. doi: 10.1080/1061186X.2022.2092624.
9. Sajid M, Płotka-Wasylka J. Nanoparticles: synthesis, characteristics, and applications in analytical and other sciences. Microchemical Journal. 2020 Jul 1; 154: 104623-104629. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104623.
10. Mascarenhas-Melo F, Gonçalves MBS, Peixoto D, Pawar KD, Bell V, Chavda VP, Zafar H, Raza F, Paiva-Santos AC. Application of nanotechnology in management and treatment of diabetic wounds. Journal of Drug Targeting. 2022 Oct 1; 30(10): 1034-1054.
11. Abid S, Sial N, Hanif M, Usman Abid HM, Ismail A, Tahir H. Unlocking the potential of phenyl boronic acid functionalized-quercetin nanoparticles: Advancing antibacterial efficacy and diabetic wound healing. Heliyon. 2023 Jan 1; 10(1): e23452. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23452.
12. Dong B, Shi Z, Dong Y, Chen J, Wu ZX, Wu W, Chen ZS, Han C. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis of seminal vesicles via activating Nrf2 in type 1 diabetic rats. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2022 Jul 1; 151: 113108. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113108.
13. Kavitha KV, Tiwari S, Purandare VB, Khedkar S, Bhosale SS, Unnikrishnan AG. Choice of wound care in diabetic foot ulcer: A practical approach. World Journal of Diabetes. 2014 Jul 1; 5(4): 546-556. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.546.
14. Sood A, Granick MS, Tomaselli NL. Wound dressings and comparative effectiveness data. Advances in Wound Care. 2014 Aug 1; 3(8): 511-529. doi: 10.1089/wound.2012.0401.
15. Shi C, Wang C, Liu H, Li Q, Li R, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Shao Y, Wang J. Selection of appropriate wound dressing for various wounds. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020 Jul 1; 8: 182. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00182.
16. Faraji N, Parizad N, Goli R, Nikkhah F, Golhkar M. Fighting diabetic foot ulcer by combination therapy, including larva therapy, Medi honey ointment, and silver alginate dressings: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2023 Jul 1; 113: 109055. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109055.
17. Saghazadeh S, Rinoldi C, Schot M, Kashaf SS, Sharifi F, Jalilian E, Nuutila K, Giatsidis G, Mostafalu P, Derakhshandeh H, Yue K, Swieszkowski W, Memic A, Tamayol A, Khademhosseini A. Drug delivery systems and materials for wound healing applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2018 Jul 1; 127: 138-166. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.008.
18. Wang Y, Han G, Guo B, Huang J. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides promote diabetic wound healing by increasing angiogenesis. Pharmacological Reports. 2016 Dec 1; 68(6): 1126-1132. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.07.001.
19. Selvakumar M, Venkateshwaran K, Ruckmani K, Shanmugarathinam A. Potentiating the solubility of BCS class II drug zaltoprofen using nanodispersion technology. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2023 Jul 1; 1-10. doi: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2173224.
20. Ciardi M, Ianni F, Sardella R, Di Bona S, Cossignani L, Germani R, Tiecco M, Clementi C. Effective and selective extraction of quercetin from onion (Allium cepa L.) skin waste using water dilutions of acid-based deep eutectic solvents. Materials. 2021 Nov 1; 14(21): 6465. doi: 10.3390/ma14216465.
21. Mandic L, Matkovic M, Baranovic G, Segota S. The increased release kinetics of quercetin from superparamagnetic nanocarriers in dialysis. Antioxidants. 2023 Mar 1; 12(3): 732. doi: 10.3390/antiox12030732.
22. Pandian SRK, Kunjiappan S, Ravishankar V, Sundarapandian V. Synthesis of quercetin-functionalized silver nanoparticles by rapid one-pot approach. Biotechnologia. 2021 Mar 1; 102(1): 75-84. doi: 10.5114/bta.2021.103764.
23. Manian M, Jain P, Vora D, Banga AK. Formulation and evaluation of the in vitro performance of topical dermatological products containing diclofenac sodium. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Sep 1; 14(9): 1892. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091892.
24. Gupta V, Trivedi P. Ex vivo localization and permeation of cisplatin from novel topical formulations through excised pig, goat, and mice skin and in vitro characterization for effective management of skin-cited malignancies. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2015 Jun 1; 43(6): 373-382. doi: 10.3109/21691401.2014.893523.
25. Ruela ALM, Perissinato AG, de Sousa Lino ME, Mudrik PS, Pereira GR. Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016 Jul 1; 52(3): 527-543.
26. Wang S, Yao J, Zhou B, Yang J, Chaudry MT, Wang M, Xiao F, Li Y, Yin W. Bacteriostatic effect of quercetin as an antibiotic alternative in vivo and its antibacterial mechanism in vitro. Journal of Food Protection. 2018 Jan 1; 81(1): 68-78. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-214.