Author(s):
Krishna Patel, Mamta Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar
Email(s):
Email ID Not Available
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00031
Address:
Krishna Patel*, Mamta Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar
P S G V P M’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada- 425409, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
The African Milk Tree, Euphorbia trigona, is a fast-growing succulent that is extensively grown as an attractive plant and is native to Central Africa. Its unique morphology—upright triangular stems, paired spines, and tiny, fleeting leaves—contributes to its appeal in xeriscape and indoor gardening. The plant has a milky latex that is typical of the Euphorbiaceae family and can irritate skin and eyes. It also shows a remarkable resistance to drought. E. trigona's commercial significance in horticulture is supported by its ease of propagation by stem cuttings. Its physiological adaptations to dry conditions, possible applications of its latex chemicals, and ecological value in dryland habitats are the main areas of current attention.
Cite this article:
Krishna Patel, Mamta Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar. Euporbia trigona: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacology Studies. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(2):207-0. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00031
Cite(Electronic):
Krishna Patel, Mamta Patel, Ruchika Patel, Amruta Patil, Sunil Pawar. Euporbia trigona: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacology Studies. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(2):207-0. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00031 Available on: https://asianjpr.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-2-16
REFERENCE:
1. Gardenia.net. African milk tree (Euphorbia trigona) – plant care and growing guide. 2024
2. Llifle. (2024). Euphorbia trigona – succulent encyclopedia.
3. NCSU. (2024). Euphorbia trigona (African milk tree).
4. Okoro, I. C., Etim, V. N., and Udosen, E. O. Toxicological evaluation of latex from Euphorbia species. J. Med. Plants Res., 2020; 14(3): 120–128.
5. Rachhadi, N., et al. Phytochemical and pharmacological overview of the genus Euphorbia. Plants. 2021; 10(6): 1206.
6. Singh, P., Sharma, V., and Kumar, A. Phytochemical profiling and ethnomedicinal relevance of Euphorbia species. Plants. 2022; 14(3): 469.
7. Gardenia.net. (2024). African milk tree (Euphorbia trigona) – plant care and growing guide. Retrieved from https://www.gardenia.net/plant/african-milk-tree-euphorbia-trigona-grow-care-guide
8. Llifle. (2024). Euphorbia trigona – Succulent Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/27172/Euphorbia_trigona
9. NCSU (North Carolina State University). (2024). Euphorbia trigona (African milk tree). Retrieved from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-trigona
10. Okoro, I. C., Etim, V. N., and Udosen, E. O. Toxicological evaluation of latex from Euphorbia species. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2020; 14(3): 120–128.
11. Gardenia.net. (2024). African milk tree (Euphorbia trigona) – plant care and growing guide. Retrieved from https://www.gardenia.net/plant/african-milk-tree-euphorbia-trigona-grow-care-guide
12. Llifle. (2024). Euphorbia trigona – Succulent Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/27172/Euphorbia_trigona
13. NCSU (North Carolina State University). (2024). Euphorbia trigona (African milk tree). Retrieved from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-trigona
14. Okoro, I. C., Etim, V. N., and Udosen, E. O. Toxicological evaluation of latex from Euphorbia species. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2020; 14(3): 120–128.
15. Rachhadi, N., Fadli, M., and Chraibi, M. Phytochemical and pharmacological overview of the genus Euphorbia. Plants. 2021; 10(6): 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061206
16. Singh, P., Sharma, V., and Kumar, A. Phytochemical profiling and ethnomedicinal relevance of Euphorbia species with special reference to E. trigona. Plants. 2022; 14(3): 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030469
17. Bioresources and Bioprocessing. (2025). Supercritical CO₂ extracts of Euphorbia trigona: biological activities and phytochemical profile. https://bioresourcesbioprocessing.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40643-025-00855-y
18. Okoro, I. C., Etim, V. N., and Udosen, E. O. Toxicological evaluation of latex from Euphorbia species. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2020; 14(3): 120–128.
19. Rachhadi, N., Fadli, M., and Chraibi, M. Phytochemical and pharmacological overview of the genus Euphorbia. Plants. 2021; 10(6): 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061206
20. Singh, P., Sharma, V., and Kumar, A. Phytochemical profiling and ethnomedicinal relevance of Euphorbia species with special reference to E. trigona. Plants. 2022; 14(3): 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030469
21. Tobajas, N., et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Euphorbia-derived compounds. DOAJ. 2023
22. Bioresources and Bioprocessing. (2025). Supercritical CO₂ extracts of Euphorbia trigona: biological activities and phytochemical profile. https://bioresourcesbioprocessing.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40643-025-00855-y
23. Okoro, I. C., Etim, V. N., and Udosen, E. O. Toxicological evaluation of latex from Euphorbia species. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2020; 14(3): 120–128.
24. Rachhadi, N., Fadli, M., and Chraibi, M. Phytochemical and pharmacological overview of the genus Euphorbia. Plants. 2021; 10(6): 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061206
25. Singh, P., Sharma, V., and Kumar, A. Phytochemical profiling and ethnomedicinal relevance of Euphorbia species with special reference to E. trigona. Plants. 2022; 14(3): 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030469
26. Tobajas, N., et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Euphorbia-derived compounds. DOA. 2023
27. MDPI+2PubMed+2
28. PubMed+1 research.
29. PubMed+1
30. CORDIS